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GIF is initially a Research and Development (R&D) cooperation plateform driven by members states and their national laboratories.

The Sodium Fast Reactor System Steering Committee (SFR SSC) was initially formed following the signing of the SFR System Arrangement in 2006 under the now expired 2005 GIF Framerwork Agreement. A new SFR SA has been opened for signatures under the new 2025 GIF FA and became effective in March 2025. This committee supervises five projects encompassing a wide array of subjects pertaining to Sodium Fast Reactors. Until recently, the SFR System was the sole system with commercially operating reactors globally.

The Gas-cooled Fast Reactor System Steering Committee (GFR SSC) was initially formed following the signing of the GFR System Arrangement in 2006. A new version of the GFR System Arrangement (SA) has been signed in 2025 under the new GIF 2025 Framework Agreement. Currently, two members of the Generation IV International Forum (GIF) have signed the new GFR SA. The GFR SSC supervises two projects encompassing a wide array of subjects pertaining to Gas-cooled Fast Reactors.

The Super Critical Water Reactors System Steering Committee (SCWR SSC) was initially formed following the signing of the SCWR System Arrangement in 2006. This FA expired in early 2025. A new SCWR FA has been proposed under the current 2025 GIF FA. It will become effective once three signatories are gathered. The resulting committee goal is to supervise four projects encompassing a wide array of subjects pertaining to Super Critical Water Reactors.

The Very High Temperature Reactor System Steering Committee (VHTR SSC) was initially established under the now expired 2005 GIF Framework Agreement after the VHTR System Arrangement was signed in 2006. The new VHTR SA became effective in 2025 under the new 2025 GIF Framework Agreement. This committee oversees four projects that cover a broad range of topics related to Very High Temperature Reactors. The VHTR, along with Sodium Fast Reactors, is one of the Generation IV systems that has commercial-scale power reactors in operation today and has also had several in operation previously.

The provisional System Steering Committee for Molten Salt Reactors (MSR pSSC) was intially established after the MSR Memorandum of Understanding was signed in 2010. A new MSR MoU has been opened for signatures under the new 2025 GIF Framework Agreement. Once three signatures are gathered it will for the new GIF MSR pSSC. This committee goal is to explore a broad range of topics related to Molten Salt Reactors. 

The first GIF provisional System Steering Committee for Lead Fast Reactors (LFR pSSC) was established after the LFR Memorandum of Understanding was signed in 2010. In 2025, under the new 2025 GIF Framework Agreement, a new version of the GIF LFR MoU was opened for signature. It will become effective once three signatures are gathered. The resulting committee is aimed at exploring a broad range of topics related to Lead Fast Reactors. One LFR is currently under construction and about a dozen are under development around the world. 

The GIF Economic Modelling Working Group (EMWG) provides a platform and methodology for the assessment of Generation IV (Gen-IV) systems against economic-related goals. It was formed in 2003. 

The EMWG supports the Generation IV goals related to improved economics: 

"Generation IV nuclear energy systems will have a clear life-cycle cost advantage over other energy sources and a level of financial risk comparable to other energy projects."